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SS ''Southern Cross'' was an ocean liner built in 1955 by Harland & Wolff, Belfast, Northern Ireland for the United Kingdom-based Shaw, Savill & Albion Line for Europe—Australia service. In 1975 she was rebuilt as a cruise ship and subsequently sailed under the names ''Calypso'', ''Azure Seas'' and ''OceanBreeze'' until 2004 when she was sold for scrap to Ahmed Muztaba Steel Industries, Chittagong, Bangladesh. The ''Southern Cross'' was the first passenger ship of over 20,000 gross register tons to be built that had the engine room (and as a result of that, the funnel) located near the stern, rather than amidships.〔(The Great Ocean Liners - Southern Cross ), retrieved 10. 7. 2007〕 She started a trend of aft-engined ships, and today most passenger ships are built this way. ''Southern Cross'' was also the first major liner to have no cargo space, other than for ship's stores and passenger luggage.〔Miller, William H. (1986) ''The Last Blue Water Liners'', p. 162. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-312-46980-2.〕 ==Design and construction== The ''Southern Cross'' was planned in the early 1950s as the new flagship of the Shaw, Savill & Albion Line to be used on the Europe–Australia immigrant run. However, the ship was by no means a basic migrant ship. When the ship was under planning, Shaw Savill chairman Basil Sanderson came up with the revolutionary idea of placing the ship's engines and funnel aft, freeing the areas amidships (which is generally considered the most comfortable area for passengers) for cabins and public rooms. Sanderson eventually managed to persuade the board of the viability of his idea, and on 16 July 1952 an order for the new all-passenger liner was placed at the Harland & Wolff shipyard.〔 Although the new ship was designed as an all-tourist class vessel for an immigrant route, she was designed with fairly luxurious facilities for her time. All passenger cabins were air conditioned, fitted with hot and cold running water, and inside cabins had circular lights that were switched on gradually in the morning, mimicking the rising of the sun. However, only the most expensive cabins had private bathroom facilities.〔 The aft-funnel arrangement made it possible to build a large open lido deck midship, including a sports deck area.〔(Maritime Matters - Ocean Breeze ), retrieved 19. 7. 2007〕 In addition to the two outdoor pools there was one indoor pool.〔 All inside public spaces were air conditioned, and included a two-deck high cinema (also used as a dancing venue), two large public lounges, two restaurants, a writing room/library and a smoking room. Wood panelling was widely used in the interior decorations, that were made to be light, airy, and modern to be comfortable in oppressive tropical climates.〔 Externally the ship was of a completely new design. In addition to the funnel being placed quite far aft, the bridge was placed nearer amidships, rather than the usual forward position. The meant the superstructure extended considerably further forward than the bridge. These features didn't win high accolades at the time, a contemporary review describing her as being "not very beautiful, but very efficient",〔 Bo Rosen: Laivojen Kirja, page 72. WSOY, Porvoo, 1959〕 but P&O's famous SS ''Canberra'' of 1961, ordered one year after ''Southern Cross'' entered service, was built to an almost identical design though on a larger scale. In 1953 Basil Sanderson approached Buckingham Palace, asking if Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II would be willing to launch the new ship and choose a name from a list of suggestions. The Queen graciously agreed, and chose the name ''Southern Cross''. When launched on 17 August 1954, ''Southern Cross'' became the first passenger liner to be launched by a reigning monarch.〔 ''Southern Cross'' emerged in the new Shaw Savill liner livery of a pale-grey-painted hull and familiar dark-buff funnel with a black top. This was complemented by the innovative use of pale-green 'eau de nil' paintwork for the superstructure. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SS Southern Cross (1955)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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